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What is an exercise test?

The exercise stress test is a sequence of cardiac ultrasound scans performed at different levels of exertion and is aimed mainly at performance athletes but also amateur athletes who have a very active life.
Specifically, the cardiologist performs echocardiograms at rest, at intermediate effort, at maximum effort and in recovery, so that, during the test, the changes in heart muscle movement and electrical changes that occur during exercise are monitored by comparing the stages of effort mentioned above.
If the doctor notices the existence of movement abnormalities at maximum effort reached by the patient, compared to their absence at rest, this implies the presence of myocardial ischemia through coronary artery infusion.
The existence of electrical changes has the same significance, and the association between movement and electrical changes increases the likelihood of the existence of an infundibular disease of the coronary artery or arteries serving the affected territories. Stress testing is also necessary in the evaluation of the behavior of cardiac valves during exercise. This helps in making an operative decision.

Preparing for the stress test

The patient must wear sports clothes and shoes that allow running on the treadmill.
Before the exercise test, the physician will perform a consultation with the patient and the patient must present previous medical records and a list of the medications he/she takes at home. 48 hours before the test, the patient is asked to stop taking beta-blocker (Metoprolol, Betaloc, Bisoprolol, Concor) or calcium blocker (Verapamil, Diltiazem) medication according to the indications received. It is advisable to avoid meals, coffee consumption 2 hours before and if the patient is diabetic he/she should inform the medical staff in advance.

Performing the stress test

Conclusions

The exercise test preceded by cardiac ultrasound, evaluates parameters that if they undergo specific changes during the exercise test, they become suggestive for myocardial ischemia (coronary artery narrowing) and non-electrocardiographic parameters extremely important: blood pressure response to exercise, exercise capacity.
A stress test that shows normal capacity without significant changes in patients without symptoms highly suggestive of myocardial ischemia is an acceptable tool to rule out coronary artery disease. Moreover, the exercise test is also indicated for sedentary adults who wish to start a physical exercise program.

Timely exercise testing reduces the risk of mortality during strenuous physical activity, especially in asymptomatic patients.